Tag: mythology

  • Interview with Devdutt Pattnaik

    Interview with Devdutt Pattnaik

    Devdutt Pattanaik is an Indian mythologist and writer known for his work on ancient Indian scriptures. He has incorporated myth into human resource management. His books include Myth = Mithya: A Handbook of Hindu Mythology; Jaya: An Illustrated Retelling of the Mahabharata; Sita: An Illustrated Retelling of the Ramayana; Business Sutra: An Indian Approach to Management; Shikhandi: And Other Tales they Don’t Tell You; Shiva to Shankara : Giving Form to the Formless, in which he explores the layers of meanings embedded in Shiva’s linga, we discover why and how the Goddess transforms Shiva, the hermit, into Shankara, the householder; Leader : 50 Insights from Mythology uses myths and legends to arrive at wisdom that is both time-worn and refreshingly new, on what makes a good leader; and Culture : 50 Insights from Mythology a groundbreaking work that contextualizes mythology and proposes that myths are alive, dynamic, shaped by perception and the times one lives in.

    He is the former Chief Belief Officer of Future Group, one of India’s largest retailers. He writes columns for Mid-Day, Times of India, Swarajya, Daily O and Scroll.in.

    What catalysed your interest in this field?

    Ans: It was just my hobby and nothing else. Writing was something that I used to do in my free time.

    Which book do you consider as your best your and in what sense?

    Ans: The one which I’m writing right now is the best, because I keep improving all the time. (Laughs)

    What is your view on how does modern India view Indian mythologies and epics in general?

    Ans: I don’t really have any views on this. Different people have different views, some people like it, some don’t like it, some people are glad to progress whereas some pope, are apprehensive about it. Different people have different views. But what is good about it is that we are at least exploring the past. Because at one time we stopped exploring the past, the big shift is that we are now open to explore new things in the past.

    What does ‘religion’ mean to you?

    Ans: Religion is a set of rules for people who don’t take responsibilities.

    Your views on censorship in India.

    Ans: Some people need censorship.(Smiles)

    A book on mythology that you would like to recommend children.

    Ans: My books,so that the children could read my voice of thought. I would like to suggest them – ‘The Girl Who Chose: A New Way of Narrating the Ramayana’.

    Message for our readers

    Ans: Read my books.(Smiles)

  • Gods of Rain

    Gods of Rain

    Chaac and Tlaloc, two gods of rain for two tribes were as similar and as different to each other as they could be.

     

    In the Pre-Colombian Mesoamerican traditional religious beliefs, Chaac and Tlaloc are two important deities associated with rain and fertility. Whereas Chaac is worshipped by the Mayans, Tlaloc is by the Aztecs.

    The Mayans are a group of people who are aboriginal to Mesoamerica. They populate Mexico, Guatemala, Belize, El Salvador and Honduras. The Aztecs are a group of people of a specific ethnic group of Central Mexico, who mainly spoke the Nahuati language. Though both these gods are portrayed to play the same function in both the societies.

    But they are quite different in other aspects of life like the animals they are associated with. Chaac is said to have the power over the rain and agriculture and fertility.

    He is said to be have four incarnations linked to the four cardinal directions with relation to the colours green, red, white and black respectively.

    Chaac is known to be one of the oldest Mayan deities and is illustrated as a human with animal features, that of an amphibian, i.e. with scales over his body, a long-curly nose and a large, protruding lower lip. He is also said to bear a stone axe which he uses to generate rain and thunder by striking the clouds with it.

    Among the many rituals that were to be done so as to please the rain god, the most intriguing one would be the sacrifice of four boys for the four cardinals, chanting as frogs for rain and better crops. It is believed that since Chaac was helped by four dwarfs in the time of distress, the sacrificial offering of children is preferred. In some traditions, it is presumed that there were demigods, known as Chaacob and to humans, they appeared as dwarfs or giants.

    Chaacs’ alter ego, Tlaloc is said to be the god of rain and fertility and vegetation for the Aztecs. He is considered as the ruler of the 3rd sun and has been portrayed as a human with circles around his eyes and fangs like that of a jaguar, with skin, the colour dirty yellow. Tlaloc is often associated with the mountains and is said to have a group of demigods, known as the Tlaloque.

    Tláloc is also said to have had two wives: first Xochiquetzal, the flower and fertility goddess but she was abducted by Tezcatlipoca. Later, he took a second wife, Matlalcueitl, another rain deity.

    Tlaloc is said to have had both, helpful and harmful aspects. He carried four water jugs: one gave rain, but the others poured disease, frost, and drought onto the world. He is said to create rain by clashing both of his jugs together. Tláloc was also believed to rule the other-worldly paradise of Tlalocán, where the victims of floods, storms and diseases such as leprosy were accepted after death. The deceased bodies were not incinerated but were buried. Just like the other deities,

    Tlaloc also required human sacrifice and priests often offered him the lives of children during the dry season. It was speculated that the tears in the eyes of the children during the sacrifice meant intense rainfall.

  • The Legend of the Sliver Tongue

    The Legend of the Sliver Tongue

    Our world is filled with legends and stories that explain it to us. This story story is a legend about a god born and how he created the season of autumn. But don't be fooled not every one can comprehend the truth in these legends. not every man can register the consequence of asking a question and having to live with the answer.

    Dear reader you have been warned.

     

    “Listen well my lady, I won’t repeat myself. I neither have the strength nor time to fuel your curiosity. Even scribes are children of eve, just like you and me”

    “What legend you wanted my lady? Pause ah….the legend of the silver tongue…one rather nasty bit of magic that is…not for purer of faith. Oh well I’ll tell u anyway.”


    It was long before god had separated the realms in heaven and earth and hell didn’t exist. Pleased with his plans for the Arthema, he entrusted his work to 3 sons of Adam and one daughter of eve- the god born.


    This tale, mind you, was during the seasons of civil of between the gods born for the control of Arthema. One faction led by Annilise- the god born of war and the other by Karvelar- the god born of chaos. It was a dark time for the Arthema kind. There were more souls in purgatory than on the lands itself.


    But here my lady is the real reason why the war ended, karvelar’s second in command- scion – the god hand of seasons had lost his heart to Annilise seasons before the civil unrest. But his loyalty to his brother in arms tore them apart. Love….young lady, vile little thing that is. Better stay away unless you can endure its curse.


    But I digress.


    But like most in love they’d celebrate their love in secret. Disguised as mortal children they’d meet in the gardens of the temple of the god born.

    But alas my lady as all tragedies go their secret eventually got out. Betrayed by her own, they were discovered and captured by the general of Karvelar and dragged before his war counsel.


    What you need to remember here my lady in those seasons of the ancients the ruling of prisoners of war was silver imprisonment. Same even say the pair being proud swan of the only god had made peace with their fate.


    It was a dark night, no stars shone that night nor did the moon lay its grace on the lands. The council had gathered and the ruling was to be passed.


    But crafty as the god born of chaos was-  he and his council offered Annilise a deal – to bow down to Karvelar and they’d spare scion the silver imprisonment and she’d just be a hostage of war till order was restored. Naturally for the sake of her only love she agreed and the entire army of ranks upon ranks had been broken to obey Karvelar.


    When all was said and done, Annilise called upon the contract with the god born and his council, but drunk with power and pride, Karvelar had his prisoners brought to court and in the full view of the Arthema that watched he thrust his silver septre at Annilise’s heart.


    In an attempt to save his love scion pushed her aside and took the blow. He crashed into her embrace, the spell turning him into silver.
    Enraged, that he was cheated of his grand plan, the god born of chaos pushed his septre through scion into Annilise’s heart. , the winds held their breath and all life drew into themselves.


    As the God born and her love lay there as their energy source deserted them; scion called unto all life on Arthema for help.
    Saddened by their plight, the trees answered and pushed their life source into their god hand, as they did so, their leaves wilted and fell their wood ran dry and the weather grew cold…thus was created the winter.


    Even though they couldn’t be saved that night; it is said just before every winter the trees continue to offer their life source to revert the spell, hence the season of autumn.


    And when the spell shall fail,
    In all glory and might,
    Love lost shall unite,
    Even though it has been before,
    There shall be autumn no more.

    “But scribe….why is it called the legend of the silver tongue…” asked the day.


    “Well….” He said “…it must have been some kind of translation error…you see the syllable for tongue and god sound the same in the language of the ancients.”


    “But scribe how do you know that there will be no autumn anymore?” questioned the lady as she teased the candle light with parchment knife. But she got no reply so she turned to force her answer but the scribe was long gone.


    All that was there was a vine that has started to outgrow the scriptures. The Flowers that bloomed fell off their holds and hung in the air with a yellow glow.

    Thin stream of snowflakes began to drop where she stood and an ominous voice muttered “because my lady, in in no need of the life source anymore.”


     

  • The Myth of Narcissus

    The Myth of Narcissus

    This story is about Narcissus, a man who fell in love with his own reflection and later died because he couldn't find the love of his life which was his own reflection only.

     

     Echo was a mountain nymph who lived on the Mount Kithairon. She was a beautiful voluptuous woman with the perfect body one would always crave for. After all she was a nymph and they were known for their youthful skin and long dark hair. Echo was especially known for her full figure and her hypnotic way of attracting men.

     

    Zeus, the famous Greek God was frequently attracted towards nymphs and he would often go and meet them. His wife, Hera, was jealous of the innumerable affairs he had. She sometimes tried to catch him, going after the women he used to visit. Echo was a clever woman . She would engage Hera in so long conversations, that she would also get to give the required time to Zeus and didn't allow Hera to find out it too.

     

    One day Hera came to know of Echo's intentions. Here's face turned red like fresh blood. She was too angry. She started breaking all the urns and the pots in the hall. It seemed as if she was possessed by some angry devil. She felt betrayed. She was so annoyed and outraged by her deeds that she cursed her.

     

    "May you suffer and feel the pain I am going through now. May you only be able to repeat the last words that anyone has said!"

     

    Echo felt doomed. She was afraid that the curse might affect her life too much.

    As she was worried and devastated and roaming around the woods one sunny day, Echo came across a handsome young man named Narcissus. He had a physique that no other man ever had on earth. His jawbones were shaped perfectly. His gait was that of a prince and his golden brown curly hair suited him so well. The green eyes were too beautiful for his long face. His nose was as sharp as the woodpecker. The bow he held in his hands looked more beautiful and royal. His chin reminded her of the well sculpted figures in the temple she used to visit.

     

    Narcissus, was the son of Cephisus, the river God and Lyriope, a nymph. He was one of the favourites of God Apollo for his charming looks and great personality.

     

    When Narcissus was young and used to go on hunting sessions, he was roaming the woods too and Echo saw him and fell for him. It was love at first sight. She was madly in love with him. But Echo could not talk to him because of the curse. Hera had ruined her life forever.

     

    Echo started stalking him in the woods. Narcissus had gone to hunt that day. He had lost track of his friends while searching for a pink coloured rabbit which had sneaked into a hole. Narcissus felt as of someone was constantly following him. He was suspicious. He soon started yelling,

     "Is someone there around? "

    As Echo was cursed, she couldn't talk to him. So she repeated the words. Narcissus heard some voice and he responded to it and shouted again,

     "Let's come together and meet! "

    Echo was so ecstatic. She felt her heartbeats beat faster than ever . She was going to meet her love. Echo repeated his words and ran like a mad woman to see him and talk to him.

     

    She came panting near a river where Narcissus was standing with his bow. Narcissus looked at Echo and made a scowling face. It seemed as if he was disgusted even by Echo's presence there. He said,

     

    " So it is you! The well known nymph Echo! Well, what brings you here? And you with that starry eyed look, don't expect anything from me. I don't find you to be worth it. You are not that beautiful. "

     

    "But I love you. You are the most handsome man I have ever met. Come with me. I will take care of you."

     

    But Narcissus rejected her and he sat down by the river. Echo was shattered. She felt heartbroken. Her charming prince didn't find her to be the one. The one and only woman of his life. She sat there beside the river leaning against a chestnut tree and weaped and wailed all day long.

     

    Meanwhile, Nemesis, the Goddess of Revenge, was listening to the story and she decided to teach Narcissus a lesson. For all that ego he had in himself for being the most charismatic man, Nemesis had a great plan.

     

    Narcissus was sitting calmly by the river on the opposite bank and he was insensitive of Echo's feelings for him. He was feeling thirsty. He wanted to quench his thirst and decided to drink some water. Soon, he saw his reflection in the crystal clear water and was astonished by the beauty he saw. He fell in love with it. He put his hand inside the water as he was longing to touch it. He mused,

     

    "I was searching for you only, my love! Where were you? I want you to marry me! You are so mesmerising!"

     

    Nemesis was laughing at him. She was making fun of his stupidity and his useless brain. She was relieved now. Narcissus was punished.

     

    Narcissus had got lost into the beauty of his own reflection. He sat there on the river bank all day and night only to admire his reflection in the water. He was amazed. He was in love with himself. One day, he wanted desperately to kiss his reflection. He bent down to the river water and tried kissing it but he lost his balance and fell into the river. He got drowned. While getting deeper into the waters of the river, Narcissus thought,

     

    " Why can't I get him? He was so perfect for me. He was like an angel. I wanted him. How come a handsome person like me not get what I want? "

     

    Narcissus had got drowned into the deepest trench of the river. On hearing of his death, Echo came running to the river bank and she longed to see him again. But he was gone. Echo was broken to peices. Only her sweet echoing voice was left behind in the woods after her death.

     

    People of Greece today also say that Narcissus is still enchanted by his beauty in the Underworld when they look at the waters of the Styx.